Executed by a British firing squad on May 12, 1916, for his role in organizing the Easter Rising, James Connolly was one of the most prominent radical organizers and agitators of his day. Born in Scotland in 1868 to Irish immigrant parents, Connolly spent most of his adult life organizing for labour unions and socialist organizations in Ireland, Scotland, and the United States. Despite attending school for only a few years, Connolly became a leading socialist writer and theoretician, founding and editing newspapers including The Socialist (Scotland), The Harp (United States), and The Workers' Republic (Ireland). As a labour organizer, Connolly stressed the importance of direct action, broad working-class unity, and a commitment to ending labour's exploitation. As a socialist agitator, Connolly saw economic and political independence as inextricably intertwined.